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In 1925 Monsignor Angelo Roncalli entered the direct service of the Holy See. He was consecrated bishop on 19 March 1925 in St. Charles al Corso in Rome, and appointed Apostolic Visitor in Bulgaria. He suffered greatly from the very difficult social, political and religious situation in this country. But with sympathy, simplicity, heart and intelligence he succeeded in conquering everyone. Suffice it to mention his program with regard to the Orthodox expressed in his first speech: "It is not enough to nourish cordial feelings towards our separated brothers: if you love them truly give them a good example and turn your love into action".
In 1934 he was transferred to the Apostolic Delegation of Turkey and Greece and appointed Apostolic Administrator of the Latins of Istanbul. Here Mons. R.oncalli, availing himself of his prerogatives as a Papal Delegate and of good relations with the Diplomatic Corps and with the pontifical representatives of the Danubian countries, succeeded in making himself useful to the persecuted Jewish communities. In December 1944 Pio XII appointed him Apostolic Nuncio in Paris where he presented his credentials on 1 January 1945. Also in France he found a very difficult situation: both political for the accusation to many bishops of having collaborated with the invading Germans; be religious on the question of worker priests. Even there his equilibrium, his shrewdness, simplicity and kindness managed to solve problems and win the sympathies of the French and the whole Diplomatic Corps